{"id":2935,"date":"2026-01-19T06:26:58","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T06:26:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/?p=2935"},"modified":"2026-01-19T06:27:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T06:27:00","slug":"high-seas-treaty-or-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction-bbnj-treaty%c2%b9-january-17-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/?p=2935","title":{"rendered":"High Seas Treaty or Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Treaty)\u00b9, January 17, 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Core takeaway&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200bThe High Seas Treaty signifies a normative transition from the traditional principle of mare liberum (freedom of the seas) toward the concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The preservation of oceanic integrity is now recognized as an indispensable component of global climate regulation and the maintenance of international food security.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200b\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200b\u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u0398\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emmanuel Macron :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We did it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, the High Seas Treaty\u00b2 enters into force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a tremendous victory for the oceans, for life, for humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The high seas will no longer be a Wild West open to predation: they are becoming a space of shared responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From 8 countries in 2024, to 60 States committed in 2025 at the Nice Ocean Summit, to 83 today, the community of nations has kept its word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Together, we are giving ourselves the means to protect 30% of seas and oceans by 2030\u2014more than half of our planet\u2019s total surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the result of an exceptional collective mobilization led by negotiators, scientists, and citizens, all convinced that the future is built together. I want to thank them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is the choice of responsibility over indifference, cooperation over isolation, the honor of humanity over the disorder of the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we come together around what truly matters, we prove that progress is possible. So let us continue. Together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exceptional photo by @thom_astro.1. Emmanuel Macron&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">We did it.<br><br>Today, the High Seas Treaty enters into force.<br><br>It is a tremendous victory for the oceans, for life, for humanity.<br>          <br>The high seas will no longer be a Wild West open to predation: they are becoming a space of shared responsibility.<br><br>From 8 countries in 2024,\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/C4YJGX8obq\">pic.twitter.com\/C4YJGX8obq<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Emmanuel Macron (@EmmanuelMacron) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/EmmanuelMacron\/status\/2012488077600600420?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 17, 2026<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>2.&nbsp;<strong>The High Seas Treaty:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong>Paradigms of Global Ocean Governance in a New Era<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u200b<strong>Date: January 17, 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fields: International Law, Marine Biology, Environmental Policy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b<strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200bThe High Seas encompass approximately half of the Earth&#8217;s surface and 95% of the global oceanic volume; however, they have historically remained outside the scope of robust legal protection. Following the adoption of the BBNJ Agreement (Biological Diversity Beyond National Jurisdiction) within the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the global community has established a definitive legal framework for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200bThe Four Pillars of the Agreement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200bThe Treaty is structured around four primary thematic axes designed to reformulate ocean management:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200bMarine Protected Areas (MPAs):&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The establishment of spatial management tools and MPAs where anthropogenic activities are regulated to facilitate ecosystem resilience and restoration. This framework is instrumental in operationalizing the &#8220;30&#215;30&#8221; target (the protection of 30% of global marine space by 2030) [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u200bMarine Genetic Resources (MGRs)<\/u>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;The regulation of access to, and the equitable sharing of benefits arising from, genetic material sourced from the high seas and the seabed. This pillar ensures that biotechnological advancements yield shared dividends, particularly for developing nations [3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u200bEnvironmental Impact Assessments (EIAs):&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The institutionalization of rigorous, standardized protocols to evaluate the ecological repercussions of emerging activities, such as deep-seabed mining, on the marine environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u200bCapacity Building and the Transfer of Marine Technology (CB&amp;TMT):&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A mandatory framework ensuring that developed states provide the necessary technical and scientific support to developing nations to enhance their capacity for sustainable marine resource management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200bContemporary Challenges and Implementation Status (2026)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200bAs of 2026, the focus has shifted from diplomatic negotiation to institutional operationalization. Although the treaty has surpassed the requisite 60-state ratification threshold for its entry into force, the establishment of the Secretariat and the Scientific and Technical Committee (STC) remains an ongoing administrative priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b&#8221;<strong>The efficacy of the Treaty is predicated not merely upon its formal ratification, but upon the robust capitalization of monitoring mechanisms and the multilateral commitment to enforcement within maritime spaces formerly characterized by a jurisdictional vacuum<\/strong>&#8221; [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b<strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200bThe High Seas Treaty signifies a normative transition from the traditional principle of mare liberum (freedom of the seas) toward the concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The preservation of oceanic integrity is now recognized as an indispensable component of global climate regulation and the maintenance of international food security.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200bReferences and Technical Footnotes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b[1] United Nations (2023). Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. New York: UN Publishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2] Gjerde, K. M., et al. (2024). &#8220;Implementing the BBNJ Treaty: Strategies for Marine Protected Areas.&#8221; Marine Policy, Vol. 152.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] Blasiak, R., et al. (2025). &#8220;Equity and the Ocean: The role of Genetic Resources in the High Seas Treaty.&#8221; Nature Communications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4] Technical Note: Financial mobilization remains the primary geopolitical friction point in the 2025-2026 period; negotiations are currently centered on the structural modalities of the proposed &#8220;Global Ocean Fund.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u0398\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1: \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a9\u03ba\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u0397\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1: 17 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0398\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1: \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u0394\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf, \u0398\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u0397 \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u0398\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 95% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 BBNJ \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0398\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 (UNCLOS), \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u039f\u03b9 \u03a4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 \u200b\u0398\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 (MPAs):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0397 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab30&#215;30\u00bb (\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 30% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2030) [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 \u200b\u0398\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03a0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 (MGRs):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03b2\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 [3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 \u200b\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (EIAs):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ac \u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 \u200b\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u0399\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf 2026, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 60 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd-\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u00ab\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd &#8220;\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b7&#8221;\u00bb [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200b\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200b\u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u0398\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b[1] United Nations (2023). Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. New York: UN Publishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2] Gjerde, K. M., et al. (2024). &#8220;Implementing the BBNJ Treaty: Strategies for Marine Protected Areas.&#8221; Marine Policy Journal, Vol. 152.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] Blasiak, R., et al. (2025). &#8220;Equity and the Ocean: The role of Genetic Resources in the High Seas Treaty.&#8221; Nature Communications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4] \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: \u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2025-2026, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 &#8220;Global Ocean Fund&#8221; \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Core takeaway&nbsp; \u200bThe High Seas Treaty signifies a normative transition from the traditional principle of mare liberum (freedom of the seas) toward the concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind.&nbsp; The preservation of oceanic integrity is now recognized as an indispensable component of global climate regulation and the maintenance of international food security. \u200b\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u200b\u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u0398\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. &nbsp;\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2935"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2937,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2935\/revisions\/2937"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticsamongstates.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}